| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*ukruk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"lasso, lasso pole | face="Times New Roman Star"àðêàí, æåðäü ñ àðêàíîì |
| face="Times New Roman Star"uqruq (MK) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qu>ryq | face="Times New Roman Star"oqruq (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo.ruq | face="Times New Roman Star"oquruq (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"uquruq (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ogu:r, oguruk |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"uquruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qu>ryq | face="Times New Roman Star"quryq | face="Times New Roman Star"qu>ru>q |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"quryq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"uqruq (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 360, EDT 90, ÝÑÒß 1, 585-586. Turk. > Hung. hurok 'loop', see Gombocz 1912. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kol/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 pair, couple, one of a couple 2 to join, unite | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïàðà, îäèí èç ïàðû 2 ñîåäèíÿòü(ñÿ) | face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1, qus?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2 (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo.s? 1, qo.s?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gos? 'a couple of oxen', Gos?- 'to add' | face="Times New Roman Star"xos 1, xos- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xos 'double; again', xohuj- 2, xoho:n 'poem' | face="Times New Roman Star"koho:n 'poem' | face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qo's?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos 1, qos- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos 1, qos- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qywys? 1, qus?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos 1, qos- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 283; EDT 670, Ëåêñèêà 611, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 375, ÝÑÒß 6, 90-94, Stachowski 150. Turk. > MMong. (HY) qos?i, WMong. qos, Kalm. xos? 'pair' (KW 189, TMN 3, 364, Clark 1980, 41, 42, Ùåðáàê 1997, 142). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kotur/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"yak | face="Times New Roman Star"ÿê |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qotuz (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"xotoz | face="Times New Roman Star"qutaz (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qotas (Pav. C.), qutuz (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo.tas | face="Times New Roman Star"qotaz |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gotaz | face="Times New Roman Star"Gotaz |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qotos |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qutas |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 608, ÝÑÒß 6, 81-82. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kotur | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"scab, mange | face="Times New Roman Star"ïàðøà | face="Times New Roman Star"qotur (OUygh.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kotur (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qutyr | face="Times New Roman Star"qotur (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo.tir | face="Times New Roman Star"qotu(r) | face="Times New Roman Star"qodur | face="Times New Roman Star"Gotur | face="Times New Roman Star"Gotur | face="Times New Roman Star"xodyr |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qodur |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qodur |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qotur | face="Times New Roman Star"qotyr | face="Times New Roman Star"qotyr | face="Times New Roman Star"qutyr |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qotur, qotyr | face="Times New Roman Star"qotyr |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qotur | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 86-87, EDT 604. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko:r/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to be irritated, agitated 2 to move; irritate | face="Times New Roman Star"1 áûòü âîçáóæäåííûì 2 äâèãàòü; âîçáóæäàòü |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"quzg|a- (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qozg|a- (Pav. C., Abush., Áîð. Áàä.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qo.zi- 1, qo|zg|a- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qozg|a- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Go:zg|a- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qosqo- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qozu- 1, qozg|o- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qoz- 1, qozg|a- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qoz- 1, qozg|a- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qud|y- 1 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qoz- 1, qozg|a- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qozg|a- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qoz- 1, qozg|a- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qozg|a-, xozg|a- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ÎÑÍß 3, 132-133. The roots *Ko:r/- 'to be hungry' and *Ko:r/- 'to be agitated' are usually considered to be a single root and are very hard to distinguish within Turkic. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:puk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bark (n.) 2 shell | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðà 2 ñêîðëóïà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq (Tefs.) 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kabuk 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qapuq 1 (MA, AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|biq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qobuq (R, o-t) 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"GabyG 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:byG 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xabyx (Kach.) 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xobú 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xavyq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabuq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap, qaby 1, 2 'external cover, covering' | face="Times New Roman Star"qabux 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qabuq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 234, TMN 3, 368-9, ÝÑÒß 5, 168, Ëåêñèêà 107, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 358. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KA:pan | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"boar | face="Times New Roman Star"êàáàí |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kaban | face="Times New Roman Star"qaban | face="Times New Roman Star"qaban (Pav. C., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|bo|n | face="Times New Roman Star"qavan |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gaban | face="Times New Roman Star"Gaban |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaman |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xavan |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaman | face="Times New Roman Star"qaban | face="Times New Roman Star"qaban | face="Times New Roman Star"qaban | face="Times New Roman Star"qaban |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaban |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaban | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 216, ÝÑÒß 5, 164, Ëåêñèêà 156. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KAc?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to run away, flee | face="Times New Roman Star"óáåãàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- (Orkh., Yen.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- (Houts., AH, IM, MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Gac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"xas- | face="Times New Roman Star"qas?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qas?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qas?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qas?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qas- | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qas?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217, ÝÑÒß 5, 340-342. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)aja | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 rock 2 mountain 3 slope | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñêàëà 2 ãîðà 3 ñêëîí | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja (MK, KB) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja (Houts., AH, Ettuhf., Pav. C.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|je| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qija 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gaja 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"dial. Ga:ja, Gaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kaja 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1, qyja 3 ('oblique slope' - through contamination with *kyj- 'oblique') |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyja 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 221, TMN 3, 565, EDT 674-5, ÝÑÒß 5, 198-199, Ëåêñèêà 96, Stachowski 133. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to stay behind, remain | face="Times New Roman Star"îñòàâàòüñÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- (Orkh., OUygh., Yenis.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- (Sangl., Qutb., Houts., AH, IM, MA, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|l- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gal- | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"xal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jol- | face="Times New Roman Star"xa:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"ka:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qal- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 615-616, VEWT 224, ÝÑÒß 5, 226-227, Åãîðîâ 347, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 483, Stachowski 142. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kol- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to beg | face="Times New Roman Star"ïðîñèòü (ìèëîñòûíþ), óìîëÿòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qol- (Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qol- (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qol- (Pav. C., Abush.), qol-c?i 'beggar' | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|lc?ir 'Verleumder' (KW 183) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qol- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kulu 'give (imper.)' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qol- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 277, EDT 616, ÝÑÒß 6, 36-37. Turk. > WMong. qolc?ir, KW xol/c?r 'verschwenderisch, leichtsinnig' (KW 183). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KAmgak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"saltwort, Salsula | face="Times New Roman Star"ñîëÿíêà, ïîòàøíèê, Salsula | face="Times New Roman Star"qamg|aq (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qamg|aq (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qamg|aq (Qutb., Pav. C.), qamqaq (Houts.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|mg|o|q | face="Times New Roman Star"qamg|aq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gamaq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qamg|aq | face="Times New Roman Star"qan|baq | face="Times New Roman Star"qambaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qamg|aq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qan|baq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qammaq | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 627, VEWT 229, ÝÑÒß 5, 244-245. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:n | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"blood | face="Times New Roman Star"êðîâü | face="Times New Roman Star"qan (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qan (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan (MA, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|n | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"Gan | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:n | face="Times New Roman Star"xan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qa:n | face="Times New Roman Star"jon | face="Times New Roman Star"xa:n | face="Times New Roman Star"ka:n | face="Times New Roman Star"xan | face="Times New Roman Star"xan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga(:)n | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 230, TMN 3, 360-361, EDT 629-630, ÝÑÒß 5, 251, Åãîðîâ 349, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 486, Stachowski 142. Turk. > WMong. qana- 'to let bleed' (KW 166, TMN 3, 361, Ùåðáàê 1997, 133). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:n- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to be satisfied | face="Times New Roman Star"áûòü óäîâëåòâîðåííûì | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- (MK, KB, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"kan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- | face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) qan- (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|n- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gan- | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:n- | face="Times New Roman Star"xan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xan- | face="Times New Roman Star"kan- | face="Times New Roman Star"xan- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qan- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qan- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 632, VEWT 230, ÝÑÒß 5, 251-252, Stachowski 136. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kon|ra- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to ring, toll 2 bell | face="Times New Roman Star"1 çâåíåòü, çâîíèòü 2 êîëîêîë(ü÷èê) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|raq, qon|rag|u 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kon|rak (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|g|yraw 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qumrawu 2 (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|n|yraw 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|raq, qon|g|iraq (dial.) 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gymrow 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xon|ra- 1, xon|ro 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ra- 1, qon|ra: 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ro- 1, qon|ru: 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|ura- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|uro: 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yraw 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yraw 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qun|yraw 2 (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|raw 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kon|or 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|uraw 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 280, TMN 3, 526, EDT 640, ÝÑÒß 6, 60-61. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:p | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 sack 2 to surround | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìåøîê 2 îêðóæàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 (MA, IM), qaba- 'to besiege' (Áîð. Áàä.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|p 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1, dial. qaba- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gab | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:p 1, Ga:ba- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xappar 1 (?) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap/b- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, TMN 3, 366-367, EDT 578 (should be separated from *kab!) ÝÑÒß 5, 159, 266-267 (with a partial confusion with another root, probably of Mongolian origin, see under *KAmug), 266-267. Despite Doerfer (ibid.) the resemblance with *Ka:puk 'bark' is only superficial. See also notes to *K(i)amak / *K(i)apak 'forehead, eyebrow/eyelid'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to snatch, take 2 to bite | face="Times New Roman Star"1 áðàòü, õâàòàòü 2 êóñàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (MK, KB) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (AH, IM, Pav. C., Qutb) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|p- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xap- 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xyp- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xap- 1,2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qa'p- 'to grab with one's mouth; bite (of fish)' | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qab- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, EDT 580, ÝÑÒß 5, 264-265, TMN 3, 373-374. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 cover (n.) 2 gate, door 3 to close | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðûøêà 2 âîðîòà, äâåðü 3 çàêðûâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qapag|, qapyg| (Orkh., OUygh.) 2, qapg|y (Orkh.) 2, qapaq (OUygh.) 1, qap- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qapug| (MK, KB), qapg|aq (MK) 1, qapug| (MK) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kapak 1, kapy 2, kapa- 3, kap- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qapqaq 1, qapqa 2, qapla- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabag| (Qutb.) 1, qapu (Houts., Pav. C.) 2, qabug| (Qutb.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|pe|qo|q 1, qo|pqe| 2, qo|ple|- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap(q)aq 1, dial. qobug| 2, qapla- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"GapaG 1, Gapy 2, Gapa- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gapaq 1, Gapy 2, dial. Gap- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"xaxpax 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xobú 1, xop(la)- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"xappax 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kappakta:- 'to cover' | face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qapqaq 1, qapqa 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1, qapy 2, qaqpa 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qapaq 1, qapy 2, qap(l)a- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qapqa 2, qapla- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1, qapy 2, qaqpa 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qa:vu 2 (ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"qapu 2, qabaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 203, TMN 3, 369, ÝÑÒß 5, 160, 263-264, 274-275, Ëåêñèêà 510, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 358-359, Stachowski 138 (there is also a variant *Ka:p- - due to merger with another root *Ka:p-, v. sub *k[a:]p`a/; the meaning 'cover' here is probably secondary). Turk. > Mong. qabqag| 'cover' (whence Evk. kapkak, see Doerfer MT 125), qabqa 'gate', see TMN 3, 371, 415, Hung. kapu 'gate', see Gombocz 1912. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.p- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to catch fire | face="Times New Roman Star"çàãîðàòüñÿ |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qap-, qabyn- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qo|pin- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xabyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"qamyn- | face="Times New Roman Star"qamyn- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xyp- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qy'p- | face="Times New Roman Star"qy'p- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qabyn- | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyn-, dial. qamyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyn- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qabun- | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 262. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kaptal | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"side | face="Times New Roman Star"áîê |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal (R - ShS, Vam.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|pto|l | face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gapdal |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xaptal |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal | face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 267-268. |
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